According to the MSCA mobility rule, the researcher must not have resided and/or carried out their main activity or studies in the country of the future beneficiary for more than 12 months in the 36 months before the call deadline.
Having said that, if a visiting researcher’s stay in country A involves the researcher spending the majority of their working time (above 50 %) on research, teaching or other academic duties there, this period would normally be considered part of their main activity in that country for the purposes of the mobility rule.
On the other hand, if the stay was secondary to their primary employment — for example, a researcher who made a short research visit to country A while they maintained their main employment contract and spent the majority of their working time with their main employer outside of country A — then the time spent in country A would not be considered as part of their main activity. This reflects the general interpretation that the mobility rule focuses on where the researcher principally carried out their work or studies during the reference period.
In practical terms, this means that a visiting researcher’s three-month stay in country A that did not constitute the researcher’s main professional activity (i.e. the researcher remained employed and primarily active with their home institution abroad) would generally not count towards their main activity in country A for the mobility rule. If, however, during that period the researcher was effectively based in country A and carried out the bulk of their work there, then those three months would count toward the 12-month threshold.
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